Essay on American Juvenile Justice System - 2008 Words

The American criminal justice system is comprised of criminal courts, correctional facilities, and law enforcement officials. Each of these components also make up the juvenile justice system but the operations of each differs with juveniles than with adults who are suspected of committing criminal acts. A juvenile offender is an individual under a certain age who is suspected of having committed a crime or a status offense. A status offense is an offense that if committed by an adult, would be legal or acceptable. Examples of status offenses are truancy, under aged consumption of alcoholic beverages, and running away from home. Law enforcement officials use their discretion when determining how to pursue status offenses involving†¦show more content†¦In either case, evidence obtained in violation of Fourth Amendment rights are not allowed to be presented during a trial or hearing. Juveniles may be approached and questioned by law enforcement officers without probable cause and may walk away without answering questions. For example, an officer on foot patrol may stop a young person who just happens to look suspicious. The officer may ask for identification but the young person does not have to comply, and are well within their rights if they respectfully choose to ignore the request. If in the process of questioning, the officer feels that the youth imposes a danger to him, themselves, or any other person, they may conduct a Terry search or â€Å"pat down† to ensure that they aren’t in danger. While adult cases are held in adult criminal court, with offenders being tried by a jury of their peers, juvenile cases are referred to as adjudication hearings and do not involve a jury. Prior to a trial, an adult offender may be placed on bail. A youthful offender has a special hearing in order to determine if they will be allowed to remain with parents or an adult guardian outside of a detention center. Another difference between ad ult and juvenile processes are the initial investigations by law enforcement officers. Miranda warnings must be given to an adult prior to questioning or interrogation. Youthful offenders under the age of 14 must have parents or guardians present before they are questioned. ThoseShow MoreRelatedThe American Juvenile Justice System1043 Words   |  5 PagesThe American juvenile justice system had developed over the past century with a number of variables that makes it different from the adult criminal justice process. Juvenile justice advocates supports the differences on the youthful offenders. Juvenile crime policy over the course of the twentieth century talks about transferring the law’s conceptions of young offenders. Starting from the nineteenth century, many of the youths were tried and punished as adults. However, treatment of juveniles in theRead MoreAfrican Americans And The Juvenile Justice System1248 Words   |  5 PagesRace and Sentencing It has been brought up that certain race and ethic affects a person’s sentencing. Many studies have addressed the question are African Americans treated more severely than similarly situated whites? (Mitchell, 2005). Observers had indeed noted that black defendants get more severe sentencing than white defendants do (Spohn, 1981). For many years’ social scientist has examined this theory and came up with three explanations, racial discrimination, Wealth discrimination, andRead MoreThe High Incarceration Rate Of Juveniles1748 Words   |  7 PagesThe high incarceration rate of juveniles is a significant social problem that affects society as a whole as well as the youth’s individual welfare and developmental trajectory. Adolescents who are incarcerated in the juvenile justice system face a multitude of negative lifelong implications. The history of incarcerating youth in residential facilities such as juvenile halls, camps, ranches or group homes as a consequenc e for committing crimes has a deep-rooted history in the United States. â€Å"For moreRead MoreJuvenile Justice Systems833 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Juvenile crime is a term around the world that is difficult to pinpoint and although there are several definitions many fail to be concrete. There are many factors that play into sentencing juveniles or minors upon a crime committed. How old are they? Can they mentally form criminal intent? Are they old enough to no longer be treated as children? Some people would argue that a criminal is just that, regardless of age. Research on the other hand shows that juveniles have underdevelopedRead MoreThe Effects Of Incarceration On The Social Of African American Juveniles1487 Words   |  6 PagesDisciplinary changes applied to the juvenile justice system in addition to negative impressions of juvenile males have caused juvenile male incarceration rates to surge. African American male juveniles encounter racial differences in society everyday due to view that media portrays them to be. Racial bias amongst these juvenile African American males is the principal cause of their incarceration rates climbing higher each year. The lives of these juveniles are seriously altered after being incarceratedRead MoreDisproportionate Minority Contact739 Words   |  3 Pagesdisproportionately represented throughout juvenile justice systems in nearly every state in the nation. Disproportionate minority contact (DMC) in juvenile justice occurs when minority youth come into contact with the system at a higher rate than their white counterparts. African-Americans, Hispanics, Asians, Pacific Islanders and Native Americans comprise a combined one-third of the nations youth population. Yet they account for over two-thirds of the youth in secure juvenile facilities (Armour Hammond,Read MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Creating A Criminal Class758 Words   |  4 PagesSuch reactions and critiques of the juvenile justice system enforce the notion that the juvenile system is creating a criminal class. Black’s theory states that patterns of relationships between the parties inv olved in a case predict the styles and forms of social control, relationships between intimates would result in more informal handling of cases. Law and formal control arise when informal control is weak and unavailable. Legal control by the state develops when social control of familiesRead MoreThe Juvenile Justice System Is Not Reflective Of Their National Population1612 Words   |  7 Pagesare roughly 79,000 adolescents held at juvenile facilities all across the United States (Sickmund Puzzanchera, 2014). Of that population, Latino and African American youth represent the majority of those in confinement. This is a problem because the overrepresentation of minorities within the juvenile justice system is not reflective of their national population percentages. Nationally, Latino and African American youth only comprise 38% of the total juvenile population combined, while CaucasianRead MoreShould Juvenile Offenders Be Punished?1423 Words   |  6 PagesTo Americans, justice is important. When harm is done to most Americans, often victims of harm say they want the juvenile offender to pay for what he/she has done. Making someone pay for the harm they have caused is an easy concept when it comes to adult offenders; however, what about juvenile offenders? Should juvenile offenders be punished for what he/she has done? When victims want the juvenile offender to be punished for the harm they have caused, this is called retributive justice. Often AmericansRead MoreJuvenile Offenders And The Criminal Justice System860 Words   |  4 PagesOnce youth is committed a crime he or she must face the criminal justice. Whether it is simple face to face contact with the police officer or trip to juvenile facility, juvenile is becoming part of the criminal justice system. For many youth it is their first contact with the justice system however for some others it is a very familiar process. So once juvenile is making face to face contact with the police officers, his life is in the hands of that officer who can make very important and sometime

A Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy - 1450 Words

Since the beginning of time technology has been advancing to better the human race. As time went by your race has gotten to the point where we are able to develop new drugs, vaccines and treatments to help out others in need. Stem cell therapy is one of the new therapies that are used to treat a disease or prevent it. Bone marrow transplants are one type of therapy that has been used for the treatment of leukemia for a while now. 1,6Stem cell therapy is used to replace damaged, diseased, or malfunctioning cells anywhere in the body with healthy cells. When a stem cell is introduced to a specific part of the body, that stem cell receives signals that tell it how to mimic the other cells around it. One example is if a stem cell is given to the brain, it will take on the job of a brain cell. The beginning of stem cell research actually started in the mid 1800’s. Scientists first discovered that certain cells within the body could develop into other cells. Stem cell research has since developed stem cell therapy treatments like bone marrow transplant , stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s, and stem cell therapy for Alzheimer’s disease. This is a very promising treatment for all kinds of degenerative diseases because of the stem cells’ regenerative abilities. From what we know about stem cell research so far shows us that stem cell therapy holds the answer to hopefully find the key to curing all types of disease. 2As many as 4,500 clinics have already started the useShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Stem Cell Therapy1511 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Stem cells are homogeneous cells found in the human body which have potential to change into, or differentiate into a range of specific types of cells (Stoppler, 1996). The refurbishment and protection of many adult tissues are safeguarded by stem cells (SCs) which exist in the top of the cellular sorting section of these tissues (Beck, 2013). Practical assessments, such as transplantation, in vitro clonogenic assesses (technique used to study efficacy of exact agents in terms of theRead MoreStem Cancer Case Studies1698 Words   |  7 PagesInstead, they decided to use adult stem cells to try to open vessels towards the foot and increase the blood flow. She is now able to walk, jog, bicycle, and do countless other activities in her daily life that she wouldn’t have been able to do without this stem cell therapy. Another trial involved a 60-year-old man, who lived an active lifestyle. He had a degenerative joint disease, a 60% meniscus tear. They injected his knee twice over one year with stem cells and Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP). ToRead MoreSCI Case Study1591 Words   |  7 Pagesusing stem cell therapy, so I’ll try and provide you with as much information as I know. Currently in Australia and around the world, there are no proven cures for SCI using stem cells, this is according to the Australia and New Zealand Spinal Cord Injury Network (Stem Cell Interventions for Spinal Cord Injury, 2009) and icord.org (Steeves et al., 2012), both leading organisations in SCI treatment. There are however, clinical trials and research going on around the world that use stem cells to treatRead MoreStem Cell Success or Moral Dilemma Essay1599 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Stem cell research saved my life!† For some this is true, and for others its a moral infringement. For many religious grou ps this has been a very controversial, unethical way for scientist to commit murder in the name of science. On the contrary for those riddled with diseases its a chance at a new life. Scientist have come so far over the last few decades in their research, if we now stopped researching stem cell therapy, it would be an enfeeblement to medical technology. It is very importantRead MoreStem Cell Research has the Potential to Alleviate Much Suffering1425 Words   |  6 Pageswords of former First Lady Nancy Reagan: â€Å"Embryonic stem cell research has the potential to alleviate so much suffering. Surely, by working together we can harness its life-giving potential.† Stem cell research shows so much promise to help people by treating diseases and other problems through therapy. While it seems as though the clear answer is that we should study stem cells as soon as possible, this is sadly not the case. Stem cell research is an ongoing controversy within politics and the courtsRea d MoreStem Cells Essay1699 Words   |  7 Pagesseems like scientific research has provided us with a hope for these diseases. This essay will address the issue of controversial research in stem cells. This technology offers hope to millions who are victims of a multitude of diseases and disorders. It can be used to regrow limbs, create organs, attack genetic diseases, treat malfunctioning bladders, etc. However, this same technology is also one of the most controversial debates in science today. If you type â€Å"stem cells research† into your GoogleRead MoreEssay On Pluripotent Cells1143 Words   |  5 Pages). The use of pluripotent cells, allow researchers to conduct drug testing in a wide range of cell types. Thus, improving outcomes for patients with many neurological diseases. The loss of neurons and glial cells cause neurological disorders, such as Parkinson’s disease and multiple sclerosis. Current major therapies focus on oral medications, in the case of Parkinson’s disease, L-dopa, and dopamine receptor agonists, in addition to deep-brain stimulation in the subthalamic nucleus. FurthermoreRead MoreCell Cells And Adult Stem Cells Essay889 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction Stem cells have the potential to differentiate into other cells or divide to produce more stem cells. There are two main types: pluripotent stem cells and adult stem cells. The adult stem cells only produce certain types of cells and are categorised as multipotent. In contrast, pluripotent stem cells have the ability to differentiate into any body cell (Stemcellfoundation.net.au, 2015); for example embryonic stem cells were first identified by Martin Evans in 1981 at The UniversityRead MoreStem Cell Research And The Medical Field Essay1736 Words   |  7 PagesStem cells have become one of the largest research fields in the Department of Regenerative Medicine. They are often referred to as the â€Å"building blocks of nature† due to their ability to transform into any type of cell in the human body. It has led to the controversy of the possible chance that stem cells can regenerate organs, and cure life threatening diseases. This topic has been publicly discussed among scient ists and healthcare professionals. There are different types of stem cells, such asRead MoreStem Cells And Its Effects On Society909 Words   |  4 PagesStem cells are  unspecialized  cell that can both reproduce itself indefinitely and, under  proper  conditions, differentiate into specialized cells of one or more types.  (Reece, Jane B., and Lisa A.  Urry, 2011.) The term â€Å"stem cells† were first seen in scientific literature in 1868, a German biologist Ernst Haeckel used this term to describe the fertilized egg that becomes an organism. On February 2, 1963 the firs piece of evidence of blood stem cells  seem, Ernest McCulloch and James Till conducted

Bruce Tuckmans stages of group development- Team Development Model

Question: Describe about the bruce tuckman forming storming norming performing team development model? Answer: Introduction Joe and Harry combined their first names to form a Johari model that is used as a model for self-awareness, interpersonal relationships, personal development, group dynamics, inter-group relationships and team development. The window expresses information on feelings, attitudes, skills, experience, motivation etc. The Johari window is also used to represent a team in relation with other groups. It is a square with four panels as a pictorial representation of degree of how known we are to others and ourselves (West and Turner, 2006). Johari Window Four Quadrants The Johari window has four quadrants- Arena, Blindspot, Faade and Unknown area. Every person is represented by their own window. Mine is described as under: Quadrant 1- Arena The arena or open area, free self or free area or open self is also known as the area of free activity. The quadrant gives the information about a persons behavior, knowledge, feelings, attitude, views, skills etc that is known by both the group and self (South, 2007). I know my name and age, and so do the other people. This region determines the amount of co-operation and communication I have with other people. When I first meet a new person, I dont gel up quickly. I take a lot of time to get comfortable with the person and create the comfort zone. I dont get too talkative or expressive in the beginning. The aim of a group is to explore and widen the open area so as to enhance communication in the team. I usually start with a relatively small open area because of lack of communication skills but it can be enhanced horizontally into the blind area with the support and feedback of my team members. The group members can also help in expanding my arena vertically downwards by disclosure in the group members. This region is the most ideal and open receptive person. There is a high degree of trust and respect in people for me. I am sensitive to the needs of self and others. I have concern for people whom I care. This region also highlights the personal skills in me and other members (Businessballs.com, 2015). In a team, as an action-oriented role, I played the role of Completer-Finisher. I see the projects completed from start to end. I was ensured to make no mistakes. I was not supposed to make any errors or omissions and pay attention to the finest details in the team. I believe in timeliness and I pushed the team to complete the job on time. I get a bit anxious about petty things and worry about small things unnecessarily. I am a perfectionist and follow an orderly fashion. As a people oriented role, I am a resource investigator. I explore options and alternatives for development and negotiation of resources. The external stakeholders who help in accomplishing the teams objective and I helped in coordinating with them. In a thought oriented role, I am a monitor-evaluator. I analyze and evaluate the ideas that people come up with. I consider all pros and cons to the situation before arriving at a decision. I am a critical thinker and apply strategic approach. I am poor in motivating bec ause I react to events rather than instigating it (Shenton, 2007). Quadrant 2- Blindspot This quadrant indicates the unknown factors of a person himself but the others know it is there within him. This region refers to a situation where one is unacquainted with oneself. This region can be made better by getting useful feedback from peers and managers (Sutton and Stewart, 2002). In an ongoing conversation, I might lose an eye contact that is not noticeable by me but was told from my peers. Sensitive feedback was given by people so that I realize my inner capabilities that are hidden from me. The blind area is not a productive space for an individual. This is basically ignorance about oneself. The capability hidden turns me unproductive that what is expected of me. For example, while eating in a restaurant some food particle sticks on my mouth. I dont see it but the other people can see it. Unless the other people tell me about the food particle stuck on my mouth, I wont know since it is a blind spot to me. I did not get very sincere answers from my peers as they hesitated to share any problem thinking they would embarrass me (West and Turner, 2007). In a team as an action oriented role, I have hidden capabilities of a Shaper. I challenge the team to improve on the grounds of punctuality and timeliness. I was told by peers that I am an extrovert who questions norms and takes effort to solve problems by developing the best strategies. I find obstacles as new challenges that need to be overcome. I dont let the team members quit when they want to. I motivate them in my very own ways. I get argumentative at times, and that offends the feelings of other people. As a role in people- oriented, I am a coordinator. I guide the team and the stakeholders by bringing them together in the best motive. Team cohesion is a priority for me where I can help people getting along and resolving conflicts. I bring out the best motive and value from each team member by delegating those tasks what they are good at. I tend to be manipulative at times as reported by my peers. Sometimes, I also try to shred away too many responsibilities from me. As a thou ght orientation, I am a Specialist, I can only contribute to a team task because of lack in specialized knowledge (Businessballs.com, 2015). When comparing with Tuckmans team model, it undergoes the Storming stage. The decisions dont apply easily within the group in this phase. There needs to be a focus on goals of the team so as to avoid getting distracted by emotional issues and relationships. There is formation of cliques and factions with the struggle for power. At times, to enable progress, compromises may be necessary (Sutton and Stewart, 2002). Quadrant 3- Faade This is the hidden area of what the person knows about himself but is unknown to others. These involve fears, manipulative intentions, sensitivities or anything a person does not reveal about himself. In a team role, according to action orientation, I play the role of an Implementer. I get things done through people in a manipulative way that I know would be beneficial for the team. I am conservative in nature and do not like to beat around the bush. I am organized and work systematically. Other do not know my inflexibility to new changes been made in the environment and I follow escapism in such cases. As a people oriented, I play the role of a team worker. I bring the team together by supporting them and making work as a single unit. I have a tendency to be indecisive when it comes to making decisions or maintaining positions. I help people get along their problems. I fear judgment or vulnerability therefore hide back my feelings for a situation. As a thought oriented, I am a Plant who tends to ignore given constraints and parameters. I am impractical at times and a poor communicator. A lot of hidden information is work-related and not very personal. Sometimes people get emotion ally upset and need some motivation as they are resilient in nature. This has also been described in the Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. The relevant hidden information or feelings must be moved in the open area by self-disclosure and exposure process (Handy, 2000). When compared to Tuckmans model, it undergoes Norming stage. The roles and responsibilities are clear enough and acceptable. The decision making process is handed over to individuals for minor issues. The unity and commitment in the group or team is strong. The team has a working style that proves beneficial as a whole. Also, the team leader engages in social as well as fun activities. There is a general respect for the team leader among team members and that is evident. The organizational culture has a major influence on the team members for disclosing their hidden selves. Even the working atmosphere in the group matters for the same reason. The extent to which I disclose my personal feelings or information must be at my own discretion (mindtools.com, 2015). Conclusion Johari window helps in analyzing personal self and also other peoples behavior and thinking patterns, interpersonal skills, and attitudes. This is helpful and taken into consideration in job profiling, human resource planning, customer relations and human resource planning. As a self-disclosure to be effective, judgment needs to be practiced by me. I must be honest and clear with my opinions. The estimate must be made to enhance a building relationship. The Johari window helps disclosures in enormous ways. Open area is considered to be the most ideal region for a person to explore oneself and others knowing the exact you. References Businessballs.com, (2015).bruce tuckman forming storming norming performing team development model. [online] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/tuckmanformingstormingnormingperforming.htm [Accessed 7 Jul. 2015]. Businessballs.com, (2015).johari window model - helpful for personal awareness and group relationships. [online] Available at: https://www.businessballs.com/johariwindowmodel.htm [Accessed 7 Jul. 2015]. Handy, C. (2000).21 ideas for managers. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Mindtools.com, (2015).Belbin's Team Roles: How Understanding Team Roles Can Improve Team Performance. [online] Available at: https://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newLDR_83.htm [Accessed 7 Jul. 2015]. Shenton, A. (2007). Viewing information needs through a Johari Window.Reference Services Review, 35(3), pp.487-496. South, B. (2007). Combining mandala and the Johari Window: An exercise in self-awareness.Teaching and Learning in Nursing, 2(1), pp.8-11. Sutton, J. and Stewart, W. (2002).Learning to counsel. Oxford: How To Books. Verklan, M. (2007). Johari Window.The Journal of Perinatal Neonatal Nursing, 21(2), pp.173-174. West, R. and Turner, L. (2006).Understanding interpersonal communication. Belmont, CA: Thomson/Wadsworth. West, R. and Turner, L. (2007).Introducing communication theory. Boston: McGraw-Hill.